Bee Species Assortment
Away from 2009 to help you 2018, 192 bee variety (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) have been stuck into the Calanques National Playground through both online and you will bowl pitfall stuff. It belonged to half a dozen household and you may 38 genera. Megachilidae is actually one particular variety-rich relatives, followed by Apidae and you will Halictidae, that have 53, forty two, and 43 kinds, respectively. Andrena Fabricius, 1775 is actually the fresh new wealthiest genus, having 33 kinds, whereas 7 genera have been illustrated by the singular varieties (Stelis Panzer, 1806; Protosmia Ducke, 1900; Pseudoanthidium Friese, 1898; Coelioxys Latreille, 1809; Chelostoma Latreille, 1809; Anthidiellum Cockerell, 1904; Amegilla Friese, 1897; Panurgus Panzer, 1806; Supp Desk step one [on the internet merely] ). Utilizing the jackknife step one and dos spiders, the total bee kinds fullness try projected to be ranging from ± 9.89 and you will ± . New seen fullness therefore depicted 71.3 so you can 79.6% of estimated bee fullness ( Desk 2). New Chao1 approach estimated new noticed fullness is 76.8% of possible maximum fullness ( Table 2). The quintessential numerous variety is actually Apis mellifera L. (276 people), accompanied by Rhodanthidium septemdentatum (Latreille, 1809), Rh. sticticum (Fabricius, 1787) (174 and you may 168 someone https://datingranking.net/flirthookup-review/, respectively), and you will Lasioglossum transitorium (Shenck, 1868) (113 anyone). Eventually, fifty species (26%) have been illustrated because of the only 1 private (singletons).
Environmental Faculties out of Bees
Regarding your environment traits regarding nesting preferences, i recognized 59 unmarried bee variety nesting significantly more than surface, ninety-five solitary bee species nesting below ground and you can 23 cleptoparasitic kinds, equal to 29.eight, 47.nine, and you will several.0% of one’s overall bee species richness, correspondingly. We imagined five personal types (bumble bees and you may honey bees-dos.1%). Eventually, this new nesting tastes away from 14 varieties are nevertheless unknown (7.3%- Supp Desk step one [on the web merely] ). About your floral diet of bee kinds, we discovered that 105 varieties (54.7%) foraged into numerous bush species (we.elizabeth., generalist variety, polylectic) and you can 51 kinds (twenty-six.5%) foraged on one bush family members or one to/couple plant varieties (we.e., specialist varieties, oligolectic). With the remaining 36 bee species (18.8%), new flowery eating plan was not known (elizabeth.g., having cleptoparasitic kinds). However, very generalist varieties presented a desires for example or a few plant family members ( Supp Table step 1 [on the internet simply] ). On 49 singletons, 14 bee varieties (28%) had been gurus, and you will 9 bee kinds (18%) was cleptoparasitic ( Supp Desk 1 [on the web just] ).
A keen IUCN standing are designed for 178 varieties (leaving out the species buildings and you may unidentified types). Among those, 47 types was indeed classified because data deficient (DD-twenty six.4%), 124 species were the very least concerned (LC-69.6%), half a dozen varieties was close threatened (NT-3.4%; Andrena ovatula (Kirby, 1802), Colletes albomaculatus (Lucas, 1849), Dasypoda argentata Panzer, 1809, Halictus quadricinctus (Fabricius, 1776), Lasioglossum prasinum (Smith, 1848), and you will L. pygmaeum (Schenck, 1853)), and one varieties is actually noticed endangered (EN-0.6%; L. soror (Saunders, 1901)- Supp Desk step one [online only] ). Three oligolectic kinds was in fact among the many 7 endangered bee species. An effective. ovatula and you will C. albomaculatus is actually specialist towards Fabaceae, D. argentata are a professional for the Caprifoliaceae.
Regarding 2009 so you can 2018, 38 species of hover flies (Diptera: Syrphidae) was basically stuck during the Calanques Federal Playground. They belonged to twenty-four genera ( Supp Table dos [on line just] ). The essential abundant genera was indeed Paragus Latreille, 1804 (33 people), Meliscaeva Frey, 1946 (14 anyone), and you will Sphaerophoria Lepeletier de- Saint-Fargeau Audinet-Serville into the Latreille, 1828 (thirteen somebody), while 20 variety (53%) was indeed illustrated by one private ( Supp Table 2 [on line just] ). The bee flies (Diptera: Bombyliidae) was indeed portrayed because of the 20 variety, and additionally five singletons (25%) ( Supp Dining table step 3 [on line only] ). The fresh estimation out-of full varieties richness regarding hover flies and you will bee flies is ranging from 83 and 97 variety utilising the jackknife step one and 2 spiders, respectively. Therefore, the new observed richness represented 59.8–69.9% of one’s estimated hover fly and you can bee fly fullness ( Desk 2).